The release of hydrogen in batteries, especially those used in high-energy applications such as lithium-ion batteries, represents a major risk in ATEX zones (areas at risk of explosion). As hydrogen is an extremely flammable gas, it is crucial to adopt strict measures to guarantee the safety of workers and installations.
Risks associated with hydrogen from batteries in ATEX zones
ATEX zones are classified according to the probability of the presence of flammable gases or dust. Batteries can release hydrogen mainly during rapid discharge or fault processes (short-circuit, overcharge, etc.). Hydrogen, being a light gas, can dissipate rapidly, but in the presence of a source of ignition, it can cause explosions.
- Explosion and fire hazards: In an ATEX zone, there is an increased risk of combustion or explosion due to the presence of flammable gases or dusts in the air. If hydrogen gas leaks, it can easily ignite in the presence of a spark or heat source, creating a risk of explosion.
- Gas leaks and dispersion: Hydrogen is a light gas, so it disperses rapidly in the air, leading to dangerous concentrations near sources of ignition.
- Pressure and temperature: Hydrogen batteries often operate at high pressure to store gas. In the event of malfunction (e.g. overheating or failure of control systems), the internal pressure of the batteries can rise, increasing the risk of explosion or gas leakage. ATEX zones, which can be subject to high temperatures or thermal variations, can increase the risk of hydrogen battery failure.
Use certified equipment to manage hydrogen release
It is important to use certified equipment to manage the release of hydrogen from batteries in an ATEX zone. This equipment is designed to withstand the risk of explosion. Opt for devices that comply with ATEX standards. Certification guarantees that the equipment has been tested and approved, and reduces the risk of accidents.
Make sure your installation complies with current guidelines , and check the condition of your equipment regularly. Replace defective equipment immediately.
In some cases, an explosion suppression system can be installed to minimize the consequences of a deflagration. Such systems can be either inerting (filling the area with an inert gas) or flame suppression.
Monitor hydrogen levels and install adequate ventilation
Particularly in ATEX zones, batteries must be installed in well-ventilated environments to allow the hydrogen produced to escape. Adequate ventilation reduces the concentration of flammable gas in the air and minimizes the risk of explosion.
- Continuous ventilation: Install a ventilation system that operates continuously to evacuate any excess gas.
- Gas detectors: Use hydrogen detectors to monitor gas concentration in the air in real time. These detectors should be connected to an alarm system in case of excessive concentration.
Whether it’s ventilation or detectors, you’ll need to place them strategically to cover the entire area at risk.
Train staff in ATEX risks
Workers in ATEX zones must be trained in the risks associated with hydrogen and batteries. Training must cover :
- Explosion risk management: Raising awareness of the importance of maintaining a working environment free of ignition sources and managing emergency situations.
- Emergency procedures: Training on safety procedures in the event of a gas leak, short-circuit or other incident involving batteries. We must also ensure that suitable personal protective equipment (PPE) is available.
This training ensures that you understand the hazards associated with hydrogen released from batteries. Awareness-raising and regular training are essential to maintaining a safe working environment.
Make sure everyone is able to identify the warning signs of danger. Vigilance is essential in any ATEX zone. By investing in training, you protect not only your employees, but also your company.
By ensuring adequate ventilation and regular monitoring, you can minimize the risks associated with the release of hydrogen from batteries in ATEX zones. Adopt specific safety measures to ensure the protection of your facilities and teams, while complying with current regulatory standards. Vigilance and proactive management are essential to prevent any potential incident.
